Liderança transformacional e orientação empreendedora: análise das unidades hoteleiras do Norte de Portugal
Abstract
Propósito:O presente estudo tem como objetivo fundamental analisar o impacto da liderança transformacional na orientação empreendedora das unidades hoteleiras da Região do Norte de Portugal.
Desenho/metodologia/abordagem: Abordagem metolodógica quantitativa com recurso à aplicação de um inquérito por questionário ao qual responderam 44 gestores de topo. Os dados foram analisados através da utilização do modelo de equações estruturais (MEE), com recurso à técnica Partial Least Squares (PLS).
Resultados:Os resultados mostram a existência de um impacto positivo e significativo da liderança transformacional na orientação empreendedora das unidades hoteleiras da Região do Norte de Portugal.
Limitações da investigação:A principal limitação é a natureza não probabilística e de conveniência e a dimensão da amostra.
Implicações práticas:Adoção de novos estilos de liderança pela gestão de topo das organizações estudadas, com enfâse para a liderança transformacional, com vista a potenciar a orientação empreendedora.
Originalidade/valor: Destaca-se o carácter pioneiro na análise dos impactos da liderança transformacional na orientação empreendedora nas unidades hoteleiras do Norte de Portugal.
Palavras chave:Liderança transformacional, orientação empreendedora, unidades hoteleiras, Norte de Portugal, PLS-SEM.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abrar, M., Tian, Z. & Deng, X. (2009). Exploration of niche market and innovation in organic textile by a developing country. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(2), 10-16.
Abrell, C., Rowold, J., Weibler, J., & Moenninghoff, M. (2011). Evaluation of a long-term transfprmational leadership development program. Zeitschrift fur Personalforschung, 25(3), 205-224.
AHRESP (Associação da Hotelaria, Restauração e Similares de Portugal) (2014). Lista de Contactos de Estabelecimentos Hoteleiros Associados da AHRESP. Porto: AHRESP.
Arham, A. F., & Muenjohn, N. (2012). Leadership and organisational performance in Malaysian SMEs: The mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Business and Information, 2012, 31-41.
Arnett, D., Lavarie, D., & McLane, C. (2002). Using Job Satisfaction and pride as internal-marketing tools. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 43(2), 87-96.
Baron, J. & Hannan, T. (2002). Organizational blueprints for success in hightech start-ups: lessons from the stanford project on emerging companies. California Management Review, 44(3), pp. 8-36.
Bass, B. (1985). Leadership and Performance beyond expectations. New York: Fress Press.
Bass, B. (1997). Does the transactional–transformational leadership paradigm transcend organizational and national boundaries? American psychologist, 52(2), 130-139.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1990). The implications of transactional and transformational leadership for individual, team and organizational development. Research in organizational change and development, 4, 231-272.
Bass, B., & Avolio, B. (2004). Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (3rd ed.). Redwood City: Mind Garden.
Bass, B., & Riggio, R. (2005). Transformational Leadership (2ª ed.). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Bennis, W. G. (2007). The challenges of leadership in the modern world: an introduction to the special issue. American Psychologist, 62(1), 2-5.
Birasnav, M., Albufalasa, M. & Bader, Y. (2013), The Role of Transformational Leadership and Knowledge Management Processes on Predicting Product and Process Innovation. An Empirical Study Developed in Kingdom of Bahrain. Tékhne - Review of Applied Management Studies, 11(2), 64-75.
Bouchard, V., & Basso, O. (2011). Exploring the links between entrepreneurial orientation and intrapreneurship in SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 18(2), 219–231.
Bryman, A., & Cramer, D. (2012). Quantitative Data Analysis with IBM SPSS 17, 18 & 19: A Guide for Social Scientists. East Essex: Routledge.
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
Bushra, F., Usman, A. & Naveed, A. (2010). Effect of transformational leadership on employees job satisfacion and organizational commitment in banking sector of lahore (Pakistan). Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(18), 261-267.
Campenhoudt, L. V., & Quivy, R. (2008). Manual de investigação em Ciências Sociais. Lisboa: Gradiva Publicações.
Cao, Q., Simsek, Z. & Jansen, J. (2012). CEO social capital and entrepreneurial orientation of the firm: Bonding and bridging effects. Journal of Management, 41(7), 1957-1981.
Cardon, M., & Stevens, C. (2004). Managing human resources in small organization: what do we know? Human Resources Management Review, 14(3), 295-323.
Carmines, E., & Zeller, R. A. (1979). Reliability and Validity Assessment. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Chen, S. H., Yang, C. C., Shiau, J. Y., & Wang, H. H. (2006). The Development of an Employee Satisfaction Model for Higher Education. The TQM Magazine, 18(5), 484-500.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling. Mahwah, New Jersey, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publisher.
Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of partial least squares: Concepts, methods and applications (pp. 655-690). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
Chin, W. W., & Newsted, P. R. (1999). Structural Equation Modeling Analysis with Small Samples Using Partial Least Squares. In R. Hoyle (Ed.) Statistical Strategies for Small Sample Research (pp. 307-341). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and beging environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75-87.
Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1998). The influence of organization structure on the utility of an entrepreneurial top management style. Journal oh Management Studies, 25(3), 217-234.
Covin, J., & Walles, J. (2012). The measurement of entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(4), 677-702.
Cunha, M., Rego, A., Cunha, R., & Cardoso, C. (2006). Manual do Comportamento Organizacional e Gestão (6ª ed.). Lisboa: RH Editora.
Davis, J., Bell, R., Payne, G., & Kreiser, P. (2010). Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance: the moderating role of managerial power. American Journal of Business, 25(2), 41-54.
Dess, G. G., & Lumpkin, G. T. (2005). The role of entrepreneurial orientation in stimulating effective corporate entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Executive, 19(1), 147-156.
Dvir, T., Eden, D., Avolio, B., & Shamir, B. (2002). Impact of transformational leadership on follower development and performance: a field experiment". Academy of Management Journal, 45(4), 735-44.
Engelen, A., Gupta, V., Strenger, L., & Brettel, M. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation, firm performance, and the moderating role of transformational leadership behaviors. Journal of Management, 41(4),1069-1097.
Eyal, O., & Kark, R. (2004). How do transformational leaders trasform organizations? A study of the relationship between leadership and entrepreneurship. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 3(3), 211-235.
Farahani, M., Taghadosi, M. & Behboudi, M. (2011). An exploration of the relationshipbetween transformational leadership and organizational commitment: the moderating effect of emotional intelligence: case study in Iran. International Business Research, 4(4), 211-217.
Figueiredo, F. (2015, 21 de junho). Emprego no turismo do Porto cresce em parte à custa da precariedade e clandestinidade. RTP Notícias. Recuperado de http://www.rtp.pt/noticias/economia/emprego-no-turismo-do-porto-cresce-em-parte-a-custa-da-precariedade-e-clandestinidade_n838430.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Frank, H., Kessler, A., & Fink, M. (2010). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance – a replication study. Schmalenbach Business Review, 62, 175-198.
Garrison, D. R., & Vaughan, N. D. (2013). Institutional Change and Leadership associated with Blended Learning Innovation: Two Case Studies. The Internet and Higher Education, 18, 24-28.
Gefen, D., & Straub, D. (2005). A Practical Guide To Factorial Validity Using PLS-Graph: Tutorial And Annotated Example. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 16, 91-109.
Gill, A., Flaschner, A., & Bhutani, S. (2010). The impact of transformational leadership and empowerment on employee job stress. Business and Economics Journal, BEJ-3, 1-11.
Givens, R. J. (2008). Transformational leadership: The impact and organizational and personal outcomes. Emerging Leadership Journeys, 1(1), 4-24.
Grant, A. M. (2012). Leading with meaning: beneficiary contact, prosocial impact, and the performance effects of transformational leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 55, 458–476.
Gumusluoglua, L., & Ilsevb, A. (2009). Transformational leadership, creativity and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 62, 461-473.
Guth, W., & Ginsber, A. (1990). Guest editors' introduction: corporate entrepreneurship. Strategic Management Journal, 11(4), 5-15.
Hair, J., Babin, B., Money, A., & Samouel, P. (2005). Fundamentos de Métodos de Pesquisa em Administração. Porto Alegre: Bookman.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of Partial Least Squares Path Modeling in international marketing. In R. R. Sinkovics & P. N. Ghauri (Ed.), New Challenges to International Marketing (Advances in International Marketing, Volume 20), (pp. 277-319). UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Hisrich, R., & Peters, M. (1992). Entrepreneurship-Starting, Developing, and Managing a New Entreprise. Boston: Irwin.
Hmieleski, K. M., Cole, M. S., & Baron, R. A. (2012). Shared authentic leadership and new venture performance. Journal of Management, 38(5), 1476–1499.
Howell, J., & Avolio, B. (1993). Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, locus of control and suport for innovation: key predictors of consolidated-business-unit performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(6), 891-902.
Jung, D. I., & Sosik, J. (2002). Transformational leadership in work groups: the role of empowerment, cohesiveness and collective efficacy on perceived group performance. Small Group Research, 33(3), 313-336.
Khan, S. A., Tang, J., & Zhu, R. (2013). The impact of environmental, firm, and relational factors on entrepreneurs’ ethically suspect behaviors. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(4), 637–657.
Kark, R., Shamir, B., & Chen, G. (2003). Tho two faces of transformational leadership: empowerment and dependency. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 246-255.
Kreiser, P., Marino, L., & Weaver, M. (2002). Assessing the psychometric properties of the entrepreneurial orientation scale: a multi-country analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(4), 71-95.
Krent, T., Crotts, J. & Azziz, A. (2001). Four factors of transformational leadership behavior. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 22(5), 221-229.
Kropp, F., & Zolin, R. (2005). Technological entrepreneurship and small business innovation research programs. Academy of Marketing Science, 7, 1-16.
Lawler, E. (1994). Total quality management and employee involvement: are the compatible? Academy of Management Executive, 8(1), 68-76.
Ling, Y., Simsek, Z., Lubatkin, M. H., & Veiga, J. F. (2008). Transformational leadership’s role in promoting corporate entrepreneurship: Examining the CEO-TMT interface. Academy of Management Journal, 51(3), 557–576.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academic of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
Lyon, D. W., Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (2000). Enhancing entrepreneurial orientation research: Operationalizing and measuring a key strategic decision making process. Journal of Management, 26(5), 1055–1085.
Maroco, J. (2010). Análise de Equações Estruturais: Fundamentos teóricos, software & Aplicações. Pêro Pinheiro: ReportNumber, Lda.
Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29(7), 770-791.
Miller, D. (2011). Miller (1983) revisited: A reflection on EO research and some suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 35(6), 873–894.
Moreno, A. M., & Cassilass, J. C. (2008). Entrepreneurial orientation and growth of SMEs: A causal model. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 32(3), 507–528.
Morris, M., & Jones, F. (1993). Human resource management practices and corporate entrepreneurship: an empirical assessment from the USA. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 4(4), 873-896.
Muchiri, M., & McMurray, A. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation within small firms: a critical review of why leadership and contextual factors matter. Small Enterprise Research, 22(1), 17-31.
Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership: Theory and Practice (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Pestana, M. H., & Gageiro, J. N. (2010). Análise de dados para ciências socais: a complementaridade do SPSS (5a ed.). Lisboa: Edições Sílabo.
Podsakoff, P., Mackenzie, S., Moorman, R. & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior. Leadership Behavior, 1(2), 107-142.
Pongpearchan, P. (2016). Effect of Transformational Leadership and High Performance Work System on Job Motivation and Task Performance: Empirical Evidence from Business Schools of Thailand Universities. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 10(3), 93-105.
Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G., & Frese, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: an assessment of past research and suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurial Theory and Practice, 34(5), 761-787.
Reinartz, W., Haenlein, M., & Henseler, J. (2009). An empirical comparison of the efficacy of covariance-based and variance-based SEM. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 26(4), 332–344.
Ren, C., & Guo, C. (2011). Middle managers’ strategic role in the corporate entrepreneurial process: Attention-based effects. Journal of Management, 37(6), 1586–1610.
Rezende, H. A. (2010). A Liderança Transformacional e Transaccional e as suas Influências nos Comportamentos de Cidadania Organizacional (Dissertação de Mestrado). Recuperado do Repositório do ISCTE-IUL, Lisboa.
Robison, P., Stimpson, J., Huefner, J., & Hunt, H. (1991). An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 15(4), 13-31.
Rodrigues, R. (2004). Orientação para o Mercado, Orientação Empreendedora e Desempenho nas PME industriais: Exploração da Relação entre Marketing e Empreendedorismo (Tese de Doutoramento). Recuperado do Catálogo Bibliográfico da Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã.
Cepeda, G., & Roldán, J. L. (2004). Aplicando en la práctica la técnica PLS en la Administración de Empresas. XIV Congreso Nacional ACEDE, 74-78.
Rowold, J., & Heinitz, K. (2007). Transformational and charismatic leadership: Assessing the convergent, divergent and criterion validity of the MLQ and the CKS. The Leadership Quarterly, 18, 121–133.
Rua, O., & Araújo, J. (2013). The influence of the transformational leadership in the organizational trust. Harvard Deusto Business Research, 2(1), 55-66.
Rubin, R., Munz, D., & Bommer, W. (2005). Leading fromwithin: The effects of emotion recognition and personality on transformational leadership behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 845–858.
Sadler-Smith, E., Hampson, Y., Chaston, I., & Badger, B. (2003). Managerial behavior, entrepreneurial style and small firm performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 41(1), 47-68.
Shin, S. J., & Zhou, J. (2003). Transformational leadership, consertavion and creativity: evidence fron Korea. Academy of Management Journal, 46(6), 703-714.
Sotirofski, K. (2011). Comparing the Educational Leadership Roles of Albanian and Turkish Higher Education Institutions Administrators. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 3560-3565.
Spinelli, M., & Canavos, G. (2000). Investigating the Relationship between employee e«satisfaction and guest satisfaction. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 41(6), 29-33.
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: dimensions, measurement and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465.
Tang, Z., & Hull, C. (2012). An investigation of entreprenuerial orientation, perceived environmental hostility, and strategy application among Chinese SMEs. Journal of Small Business Management. 50(1), 132–158.
Tinchy, N., & Devanna, M. (1986). Transformational Leadership. New York: Wiley.
Thornberry, N. (2006). Lead Like an Entrepreneur. Blacklick: McGraw-Hill.
Van Knippenberg, D., & Sitkin, S. B. (2013). A critical assessment of charismatic-transformational leadership research: Back to the drawing board? Academy of Management Annals, 7, 1–60.
Vila, N., & Kuster, I. (2007). The importance of innovation in international textile firms. European Journal of Marketing, 41(1/2), 17-36.
Wales, W. J., Monsen, E., & McKelvie, A. (2011). The organizational pervasiveness of entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 35(5), 895–923.
Wiklund, J. (2006). The sustainability of the entrepreneurial orientation–performance relationship. In P. Davidsson, F. Delmar & J. Wiklund, J. (Eds.), Entrepreneurship and the Growth of Firms (pp. 141–155). Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
Yang, C. W. (2008). The relationships among leadership styles, entrepreneurial orientation, and business performance. Managing Global Transitions, 6(3), 257-275.
Yukl, G. A. (2013). Leadership in organizations (8th ed.). Upper saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Zahra, S. A. (2008). Being entrepreneurial and market driven: implications for company performance. Journal of Strategy and Management, 1(2), 125-142.
Copyright (c) 2017 European Journal of Applied Business and Management
European Journal of Applied Business and Management
ISSN: 2183-5594
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58869/EJABM
Indexing:
EBSCO | CROSSREF | GOOGLE SCHOLAR | LATINDEX | DRJI | ICI JOURNALS MASTER | REDIB | MIAR