Corporate Governance: Board of Directors’ Independence in Emerging Economies

Semiu Babatunde Adeymi, Simon Ademola Akinteye, Ini Etete Udofia

Abstract


Purpose: The board of directors remains an important corporate governance mechanism through which the shareholders can exercise control over the activities of the firm, monitor and exercise oversight over the top executives and managers. In order to achieve this objective, the board of directors must be independent. This paper provides evidence using data from Nigeria on the degree of independence of the boards of directors of listed firms.

Design/ methodology/ approach: The research employs the qualitative design using a cross sectional two-stage interview consisting of an initial and follow up process.

Findings: Using concept mapping mindset and qualitative data analytical tools, the study finds that the boards of directors of the listed firms were independent and active. They functioned as an active corporate governance mechanism, exercising control and oversight over the affairs of the firms and their top executives.

Research Limitations/ implications: A potential limitation of this study could be the use of a small sample size of six Boards of Directors and biases associated with an opinionaire. The findings of the study may not be generalizable, beyond emerging economies. 

Originality/ Value: This research paper applies qualitative research method to examine the indicators of board independence in listed firms. It identifies the gap in legal framework codification and makes a case for non-proliferation of codes of corporate governance in emerging economies. It provides assurance of the relative independence of the board of directors in the listed firms studied, thereby expanding the body of literature in the research domain.

 

Keywords: Corporate Governance, Board of Directors, Board independence, corporate governance mechanism.

 

 

[PT]

Título: "Governança Corporativa: Independência do Conselho de Administração em Economias Emergentes"

Resumo

Objetivo: O conselho de administração continua sendo um importante mecanismo de governança corporativa, através do qual os acionistas podem exercer controle sobre as atividades da empresa, monitorar e supervisionar os principais executivos e gerentes. Para atingir esse objetivo, o conselho de administração deve ser independente. Este artigo fornece evidências usando dados da Nigéria sobre o grau de independência dos conselhos de administração das empresas listadas.

Design/metodologia/abordagem: A pesquisa emprega o design qualitativo usando uma entrevista transversal de duas etapas, que consiste em um processo inicial e de acompanhamento.

Resultados: Utilizando a mentalidade de mapeamento conceitual e ferramentas analíticas de dados qualitativos, o estudo constata que os conselhos de administração das empresas listadas eram independentes e ativos. Eles funcionavam como um mecanismo ativo de governança corporativa, exercendo controle e supervisão sobre os assuntos das empresas e de seus principais executivos.

Limitações/implicações: Uma limitação potencial deste estudo pode ser o uso de uma pequena amostra de seis conselhos de administração e vieses associados a um parecer. Os resultados do estudo podem não ser generalizáveis, além das economias emergentes.

Originalidade/valor: Este trabalho de pesquisa aplica um método de pesquisa qualitativa para examinar os indicadores de independência do conselho em empresas listadas. Ele identifica a lacuna na codificação da estrutura legal e defende a não proliferação de códigos de governança corporativa nas economias emergentes. Ele fornece garantia da relativa independência do conselho de administração nas empresas listadas estudadas, expandindo assim o corpo de literatura no domínio da pesquisa.

 

Palavras-chave: Governança Corporativa, Conselho de Administração, Independência do Conselho, Mecanismo de Governança Corporativa.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdellatif, A. E. M. (2009). “Corporate Governance Mechanisms and Asymmetric Information: An Application on the U. K. Capital Market”, PhD thesis, University of Surrey, UK.

Brickley, J., and Coles, J. J. (1997). “Leadership Structure: Separating the CEO and Chairman of the Board”, Journal of Corporate Finance,Vol. 3, pp. 189-220.

Brickley, J., and James, C. (2007). “The Takeover Market, Corporate Board Composition and Ownership Structure: The Case of Banking”, Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 30, pp. 161-181.

Bryd, J., and Hickman, K. (1992). “Do Outside Directors Monitor Managers? Evidence from Tender-Offer-Bids”, Journal of Financial Economics Vol. 32, pp. 195-221.

Cadbury, Lord (1992). Report of the Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance. London: Gee.

Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Code of Corporate Governance (2014).

Charkam, J. (2005). Keeping Better Company: Corporate Governance Ten years on, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Chtourou, S. M., Bedard, J., and Courteau, L. (2001). “Corporate Governance and Earnings Management”. Working Paper, 1-35. Retrieved August 3, 2013, from htpp://www.papers.ssrn.com.

Companies and Allied Matters Act (1990) as amended, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria (LFN).

Corporate Governance Code of Nigeria (2005). Securities and Exchange Commission amd Corporate Affairs Commission, Lagos.

Cresswell, J., and Miller, D. (2000). “Determining Validity in Qualitative Inquiry”, Theory Into Practice, Vol. 39, No.3, pp. 124-131.

Fama, E. (1980). “Agency Problems and Theory of the Firm”, Journal of Polictical Economy Vol. 88, pp. 288-305.

Fama, E., and Jensen, M. (1983). “The Separation of Ownership and Control”, Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 26, pp. 301-325.

Gulza, A., and Wang, Z. (2011). "Corporate Governance Characteristics and Earnings Management: Empirical.

Evidence from Chinnese Listed Firms. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 133-151.

Hashim, H. A., and Devi, S. (2008). “Board Independence, CEO Duality and Accrual Management: Malaysian Evidence”, Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, Vol. 1, pp. 27-46.

Hassan, U. H., and Ahmed, A. (2012). “Corporate Governance, Earnings Management and Financial Performance: A Case of Nigerian Manufacturing Firms”, American International Journal of Contemporary Research, Vol. 2, No.7, pp. 214-216.

Jaggi, B., Leung, S., and Gul, F. (2009). “Family Control, Board Independence and Earnings Management: Evidence Based on Hong Kong Firms”, Journal of Account and Public Policy, pp.281-300.

Jensen, M. (1983). “Organization Theory and Methodology”, Accounting Review Vol. 56, pp. 319-338.

Jensen, M., and Meckling, W. (1976). “Theory of Firm, Managerial Behaviour, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure”, Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 3, pp. 305-260.

Johnson, J., and Daily, C. E. (1996). “Board of Directors: A Review and Research Agenda”, Journal of Management, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 409-438.

Lee, C., Rosenstein, S., Rangan, N., and Davidson III, W. (1992). “Board Composition and Shareholders Wealth:The Case of Management Buyouts”, Financial Management, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 58-72.

Liu, J. (2012). “Board monitoring, management contracting and earnings management: an evidence from ASX listed companies”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol.4, No. 12, p. 121.

New York Stock Exchange Report (NYSE) (2003).

Osma, B. G. (2008). “Board Independence and Earnings Management: The Case of Research and Development Expenditure”, Corporate Governance: An International Review, Vol. 3, pp. 231-260.

Osma, B. G., and Noguer, B. G.-d. (2007). “The Effect of the Board Composition and Its Monitoring Committees on Earnings Management: Evidence from Spain”, Corporate Governance: An International Review, pp. 1413-1428.

Peasnell, K., Pope, P., and Young, S. (2005). “Board Monitoring and Earnings Management: Do Outside Directors Influence Abnormal Accruals”, The Department of Accounting and Finance, Lancaster University Management School, pp. 1131-1346.

Ramly, Z., and Rashid, H. M. (2010). “Critical Review of Literature on Corporate Governance and the Cost of Capital: The Value Creation Perspective”, African Journal of Business Management, pp. 2198-2204.

Resaei, F., and Roshani, M. (2012). “Efficiency or Opportunistic Earnings Management with Regards to the Role of Firm Size and Corporate Governance Practices”, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, Vol. 3, No. 9, pp. 1312-1322.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) (2002). Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act. Public Law No. 107-204, 116STAT.745.July 30.

Scotland, J. (2012). “Exploring the Philosophical Underpinnings of Research: Relating Ontology and Epistmeology to the Methodology and Methods of the Scietific, Interpretive, and Critical Research Paradigms”, English Language Teaching, Vol.5, pp. 9-16 doi:10.5539/elt.v5n9p9.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (2011). Code of best practices on corporate governance of Nigeria. Blue Ribbon Panel.

Shah, A., Zafa, N., and Durani, T. (2009). “Board Composition and Earnings Management: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Listed Companies”, Middle Eastern Finance and Economics, Vol. 3, pp. 28-38.

Sommer, B., and Simmer, R. (1991). A Practical Guide to Behavioural Research: Tools and Technique. New York: Oxford University Press.

Sukeecheep, S., Yarram, S., and Al Farooque, O. (2013). Earnings Management and Board Characteristics in Thai Listed Companies. The 2013 IBEA, International Conference on Business, Economics an Accounting (pp. 1-13) Bangkok, Thailand: International Conference on Business, Economics and Accounting.

Uadiale, O. M. (2012). “Earnings Management and Corporate Governance in Nigeria”, Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 1-9.

Vafeas, N. (2000). “Board Structure and Informativeness of Earnings”, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp.139-160.

Vogt, P. (2007). "Qualitative Research Methods for Professionals. Califonia: Sage Publications.

Weisbach, M. (1988). “Outside Directors and CEO Turnover”, Journal of Financial Economics, Vol.20, pp. 432-460.

Xie, B., Davidson III, W., and DaDalt, P. (2003). “Earnings Management and Corporate Governance: The Role of Board and the Audit Committee”, Journal of Corporate Finance, Vol. 9, No. 3, 295-316.

Zikmund, W. (2003). Business research Methods. Indiana: Thompson/South Western.




Copyright (c) 2015 European Journal of Applied Business and Management

 

European Journal of Applied Business and Management

ISSN: 2183-5594

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58869/EJABM

Indexing:

EBSCO | CROSSREF | GOOGLE SCHOLAR | LATINDEX | DRJI | ICI JOURNALS MASTER | REDIB | MIAR